Water sterilization efficiency depends on several factors such as transparency of the medium, required kill rate, cleanliness of the medium, turbulence, etc. But usually the sterilization process is very fast, and the medium is constantly drawn from the reactor. In a well-designed sterilizer, the exposure time can be as short as a few seconds.
The main factors affecting the effect of ultraviolet sterilization include:
1. Ultraviolet transmittance (UVT)
An important factor affecting the effect of ultraviolet sterilization is the ultraviolet transmittance or absorption rate of the medium (water) to be sterilized.
The absorption rate will be affected by factors such as dissolved organic matters, inorganic matters and undissolved suspended matters in the water.
2. Total suspended particulate matter (SS)
Suspending particles will significantly affect the sterilization effect of ultraviolet. Suspending particles can absorb and reflect ultraviolet rays, thereby preventing ultraviolet rays from touching microorganisms’ DNA or RNA. The external suspending particles will also accelerate the scaling and pollution in the quartz sleeves, thereby affecting the sterilization effect.
3. Particle size
The size of the particles in the water also has a great impact on the UV sterilization effect because large suspending particles will form shadows and dead ends for bacteria and viruses that should be removed, thus forms a protective effect.
In general, the water in the secondary sedimentation tank is more conducive to ultraviolet sterilization. The average size of suspending particles in the water will be less than 30μm.
4. Exposure time
The exposure time is decided by the flow rate. UV systems are generally designed according to the peak flow rate. The smaller the flow rate, the longer the exposure time, and the system have a larger effective dose.
The following is a list of microorganisms and the time required by ultraviolet sterilization:
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